Which term describes the actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs and that lead to certain outcomes (e.g., ploughing, sowing, weeding, application of chemicals, harvesting, storage and transportation)?

• A. Expenditure
• B. Plantation Agriculture
• C. Processes
• D. Flood Water

Answer: (C)

In farming, the activities that turn inputs like land, seeds, labour, and materials into crops and products are the processes. These are the steps and operations carried out—from ploughing and sowing to weeding, applying chemicals, harvesting, and then storage and transportation—that move resources toward a harvest and onward to market. This framing captures how actions shape outcomes in agricultural systems. Expenditure is about spending money, not the actions themselves; plantation agriculture describes a type of farming system, and flood water is simply water, not a series of farming actions.