Which term describes a production system based on a large estate owned by an individual, family, or corporation and organized to produce a cash crop?

• A. Expenditure
• B. Flood Water
• C. Plantation Agriculture
• D. Shifting Cultivation

Answer: (C)

Plantation agriculture describes a system where a single large farm or estate, owned by an individual, family, or company, is dedicated to growing a cash crop for sale in markets. The focus is on achieving high yields of a crop that is exported, rather than producing food for local consumption. These estates are typically large, highly organized for efficiency, and rely on labor and inputs arranged to maximize profit, often with processing facilities and transport linked to global trade. This contrasts with shifting cultivation, which uses smaller plots that are cleared by slash-and-burn and moved on from after a short period, not a single large estate aimed at export crops. Expenditure and flood water refer to different ideas and do not describe farming systems in the same way.